最高人民法院关于进一步加强和规范执行工作的若干意见

作者:法律资料网 时间:2024-07-05 19:54:25   浏览:9484   来源:法律资料网
下载地址: 点击此处下载

最高人民法院关于进一步加强和规范执行工作的若干意见

最高人民法院


最高人民法院关于进一步加强和规范执行工作的若干意见

法发〔2009〕43号


   各省、自治区、直辖市高级人民法院,解放军军事法院,新疆维吾尔自治区高级人民法院生产建设兵团分院:

   现将《最高人民法院关于进一步加强和规范执行工作的若干意见》印发给你们,请结合工作实际,认真贯彻落实。

二〇〇九年七月十七日 


   近年来,在各级党委领导、人大监督、政府支持下,人民法院不断推进执行体制和机制改革,健全执行工作长效机制,组织开展集中清理执行积案活动,有力保障了人民群众的合法权益,维护了社会公平正义,促进了社会和谐稳定。但是执行难问题并未从根本上得到解决,执行工作规范化水平仍需进一步提高,执行的力度和时效性有待进一步加强。为此,各级人民法院要进一步贯彻落实科学发展观和中央一系列文件精神,以解决执行难为重点,切实改进和完善执行工作体制机制,着力推进执行工作长效机制建设,全面提升执行工作规范化水平。

   一、进一步加大执行工作力度

   (一)建立执行快速反应机制。要努力提高执行工作的快速反应能力,加强与公安、检察等部门的联系,及时处理执行线索和突发事件。高、中级人民法院应当成立执行指挥中心,组建快速反应力量。有条件的基层人民法院根据工作需要也可以成立执行指挥中心。指挥中心负责人由院长或其授权的副院长担任,执行局长具体负责组织实施。为了便于与纪检、公安、检察等有关部门的协调,统一调用各类司法资源,符合条件的执行局长可任命为党组成员。指挥中心办事机构设在执行局,并开通24小时值班电话。快速反应力量由辖区法院的执行人员、司法警察等人员组成,下设快速反应执行小组,根据指挥中心的指令迅速采取执行行动。

   (二)完善立审执协调配合机制。加强立案、审判和执行三个环节的协作配合,形成法院内部解决执行难的合力。立案阶段要加强诉讼指导、法律释明、风险告知和审前和解,尤其是对符合法定条件的案件依法及时采取诉前财产保全措施。审判阶段对符合条件的案件要依法及时采取诉讼保全和先予执行措施;要大力推进诉讼调解,提高调解案件的当庭履行率和自觉履行率;要增强裁判文书的说理性,强化判后答疑制度,促使当事人服判息诉,案结事了;要努力提高裁判文书质量,增强说理性,对双方的权利义务要表述准确、清晰,并充分考虑判项的可执行性。

   (三)建立有效的执行信访处理机制。各级人民法院要设立专门的执行申诉处理机构,负责执行申诉信访的审查和督办,在理顺与立案庭等部门职能分工的基础上,探索建立四级法院上下一体的执行信访审查处理机制。上级法院要建立辖区法院执行信访案件挂牌督办制度,在人民法院网上设置专页,逐案登记,加强督办,分类办结后销号。进一步规范执行信访案件的办理流程,畅通民意沟通途径,对重大、复杂信访案件一律实行公开听证。要重视初信初访,从基层抓起,从源头抓起。要加强与有关部门的协作配合,充分发挥党委领导下的信访终结机制的作用。加大信访案件督办力度,落实领导包案制度,开展执行信访情况排名通报。完善执行信访工作的考评机制,信访责任追究和责任倒查机制。

   (四)强化执行宣传工作。各级人民法院要加强同党委宣传部门的联系,将执行工作作为法制宣传工作的重要内容,制定执行工作宣传的整体规划,提高全社会的法制意识和风险意识。要与广播、报纸、电视、网络等媒体建立稳定的合作关系,采取召开新闻发布会、专题报道、跟踪报道、现场采访、设置专栏等方式,开展执行法规政策讲解、重大执行活动报道、典型案例通报、被执行人逃避、规避或抗拒执行行为的曝光等宣传活动。要高度重视民意沟通工作,通过进农村、进社区、进企业等多种形式,广泛深入地了解人民群众和社会各界对执行工作的意见和建议,把合理的社情民意转化为改进工作的具体措施,提高执行工作水平。

   二、加快执行工作长效机制建设

   (一)建立执行工作联席会议制度。各级人民法院要在各级党委的领导下,充分发挥执行工作联席会议制度的作用,组织排查和清理阻碍执行的地方性规定和文件,解决执行工作中遇到的突出困难和法院自身难以解决的问题,督促查处党政部门、领导干部非法干预执行或特殊主体阻碍、抗拒执行的违法违纪行为,协调处理可能影响社会稳定的重大突发事件或暴力抗法事件、重大执行信访案件;组织集中清理执行积案活动,对各类重点执行案件实行挂牌督办;对政府机关、国有企业等特殊主体案件,研究解决办法。重大执行事项经联席会讨论作出决定或形成会议纪要后,交由相关部门负责落实,落实情况纳入综合治理考核范围。

   (二)加快执行联动威慑机制建设。各级人民法院要努力争取党委的支持,动员全社会的力量共同解决执行难问题。要在制度上明确与执行工作相关的党政管理部门,包括纪检监察、组织人事、新闻宣传、综合治理、检察、公安、政府法制、财政、民政、发展和改革、司法行政、国土资源管理、住房和城乡建设管理、人民银行、银行业监管、税务、工商行政管理和证券监管等部门在执行工作中的具体职责,积极协助人民法院开展有关工作。要建设好全国法院执行案件信息管理系统,积极参与社会信用体系建设,实现执行案件信息与其他部门信用信息的共享,并通过信用惩戒手段促使债务人自动履行义务。

   (三)实施严格的执行工作考评机制。要完善和细化现有的执行工作考核体系,科学设定执行标的到位率、执行申诉率、执行结案率、执行结案合格率、自行履行率等指标,合理分配考核分值,建立规范有效的考核评价机制。考核由各级人民法院在辖区范围内定期、统一进行,考核结果实行公开排位,并建立末位情况分析制、报告制以及责任追究制。实行执行案件质量评查和超期限分析制度,将执行案件的质量和效率纳入质效管理部门的监管范围。各级人民法院要建立执行人员考评机制,建立质效档案,并将其作为考评定级、提职提级、评优评先的重要依据。要规定科学的结案标准,建立严格的无财产案件的程序终结制度,并作结案统计。建立上级法院执行局和本院质效管理部门对执行错案和瑕疵案件的分析和责任倒查制度。上级法院撤销或改变下级法院裁定或决定时,要附带对案件进行责任分析。本院质效管理部门发现执行案件存在问题的,也要进行责任分析。

三、继续推进执行改革

   (一)优化执行职权配置。一是进一步完善高级人民法院执行机构统一管理、统一协调的执行工作管理机制,中级人民法院(直辖市除外)对所辖地区执行工作实行统一管理、统一协调。进一步推进“管案、管事、管人”相结合的管理模式。二是实行案件执行重心下移,最高人民法院和高级人民法院作为执行工作统一管理、统一协调的机构,原则上不执行具体案件,案件主要由中级人民法院和基层人民法院执行,也可以指定专门法院执行某些特定案件,以排除不当干预。三是科学界定执行审查权和执行实施权,并分别由不同的内设机构或者人员行使。将财产调查、控制、处分及交付和分配、采取罚款、拘留强制措施等事项交由实施机构办理,对各类执行异议、复议、案外人异议及变更执行法院的申请等事项交由审查机构办理。四是实行科学的执行案件流程管理,打破一个人负责到底的传统执行模式,积极探索建立分段集约执行的工作机制。指定专人负责统一调查、控制和处分被执行财产,以提高执行效率。要实施以节点控制为特征的流程管理制度,充分发挥合议庭和审判长(执行长)联席会议在审查、评议并提出执行方案方面的作用。

   (二)统一执行机构设置。各级人民法院统一设立执行局,并统一执行局内设机构及职能。高级人民法院设立复议监督、协调指导、申诉审查以及综合管理机构,中级人民法院和基层人民法院设执行实施、执行审查、申诉审查和综合管理机构。复议监督机构负责执行案件的监督,并办理异议复议、申请变更执行法院和执行监督案件;协调指导机构负责跨辖区委托执行案件和异地执行案件的协调和管理,办理执行请示案件以及负责与同级政府有关部门的协调;申诉审查机构负责执行申诉信访案件的审查和督办等事项;综合管理机构负责辖区执行工作的管理部署、巡视督查、评估考核、起草规范性文件、调研统计等各类综合性事项。

   (三)合理确定执行机构与其他部门的职责分工。要理顺执行机构与法院其他相关部门的职责分工,推进执行工作专业化和执行队伍职业化建设。实行严格的归口管理,明确行政非诉案件和行政诉讼案件的执行,财产保全、先予执行、财产刑等统一由执行机构负责实施。加强和规范司法警察参与执行工作。基层人民法院审判监督庭和高、中级人民法院的质效管理部门承担执行工作质量监督、瑕疵案件责任分析等职能。

四、强化执行监督制约机制

   各级人民法院要把强化执行监督制约机制作为长效机制建设的重要内容,切实抓紧抓好。一是按照分权制衡的原则对执行权进行科学配置。区分执行审查权和执行实施权,分别由不同的内设机构或者人员行使,使各项权能之间相互制约、相互监督,保证执行权的正当行使。二是对执行实施的重点环节和关键节点进行风险防范。除编制很少的地区外,应当对执行实施权再行分解,总结出重点环节和关键节点,划分为若干阶段,由不同组织或人员负责,加强相互监督和制约,以此强化对执行工作的动态管理,防止执行权的滥用。三是加大上级法院对下级法院的监督力度。认真实施、严格落实修改后的民事诉讼法,通过办理执行异议、执行复议和案外人异议案件,以及上级法院提级执行、指定执行、交叉执行等途径,纠正违法执行和消极执行行为,加强对执行权行使的监督。四是进一步实行执行公开,自觉接受执行各方当事人的监督。建立执行立案阶段发放廉政监督卡或者执行监督卡、送达执行文书时公布或告知举报电话、当事人正当参与执行等制度。要抓好执行公开制度的贯彻落实,利用信息化手段和网络增强执行工作透明度,严禁暗箱操作,切实保障当事人的知情权、参与权、监督权,预防徇私枉法、权钱交易、违法干预办案等问题的发生,确保执行公正。五是拓宽监督渠道,主动接受社会各界对执行工作的监督。完善党委、人大、舆论等各类监督机制,探索人民陪审员和执行监督员参与执行工作的办法和途径,提高执行的公信力。

   五、进一步加强执行队伍建设

   各级人民法院要高度重视执行队伍建设。要加强对各级人民法院执行局负责人和执行人员的培训,开展执行人员与各业务部门审判人员的定期交流。要突出加强执行队伍廉政建设,逐步在执行机构配备廉政监察员,加大执行中容易产生腐败的重点环节的监督力度;加强对执行人员的职业道德教育、权力观教育和警示教育;规范执行人员与当事人、律师的交往,细化岗位职责,强化工作管理措施,化解廉政风险;建立顺畅的举报、检举、控告渠道和强有力的违法违纪行为的查纠机制,确保“五个严禁”在执行工作中得到全面贯彻。要根据执行工作的实际需要,配齐配强执行人员,确保实现中发〔1999〕11号文件规定的执行人员比例不少于全体干警现有编制总数15%的要求,确保执行人员的文化程度不低于所在法院人员的平均水平。要尽快制定下发《人民法院执行员条例》,对执行员的任职条件、任免程序、工作职责、考核培训等内容作出规定,努力建设一支公正、高效、廉洁、文明的执行队伍。



下载地址: 点击此处下载

最高人民法院关于给我国旅居加拿大的公民寄递离婚诉讼文书问题的批复

最高人民法院


最高人民法院关于给我国旅居加拿大的公民寄递离婚诉讼文书问题的批复
最高人民法院




新疆维吾尔自治区高级人民法院:
你院(80)新法发字第65号关于我旅居加拿大的公民诉请与国内配偶离婚应如何办理的报告收悉。现就所提问题函复如下:
一、关于发往国外的诉讼文书转递办法问题,请按我院1978年8月14日(78)法民字第12号给广东省高级法院批复中的规定办理。即“发往国外的法律文书需要经上级法院审查认可,再由中级法院报请外交部领事司转递”。
二、关于管辖问题,同意你院意见,由伊犁州分院受理此案作为一审。
三、关于赵镜瑜诉状的查证问题,稳妥的办法,是经我驻加使领馆办理认证手续。如你院认为与其留在国内的笔迹对照有把握,不经使领馆认证也可以。
此外,根据赵在诉状中反映的情况,请注意多做李春贵的思想教育工作,如判离婚对婚生子女的安排及财物处理等亦应妥善解决。
出国的法律文书,注意保证政治质量。

附:新疆维吾尔自治区高级人民法院关于我旅居加拿大的公民诉请与国内配偶离婚应如何办理的请示报告
最高人民法院:
据我伊犁州分院报告及所附材料,新源县东方红农场女教师赵镜瑜,1968年与同场农工李春贵结婚,生2男1女。该赵于1978年去加拿大探亲,现从国外写信给新源县法院,诉请离婚。伊犁州分院认为,须查清赵现在的国籍,以确定案件管辖,并就查证、征询意见和送达法律
文书的途径及文书审核问题请示我院。
我们认为,根据赵镜瑜信中措辞及其去加拿大时间尚不太长的情况,似可不再查证,经认定她仍保留着中国国籍。根据法院干部业务水平不高和缺乏实践经验及外事与侨务机构的设置等情况,我们过去规定,一方在境外的离婚案件,由中级人民法院受理一审,寄往境外的文书由我院审
核。目前,仍可维持这种方法。赵、李离婚案件可由伊犁州分院受理一审。
惟向境外一方征询意见和送达文书及查证情况的途径较难确定。查过去有关文件,针对不同情况或在不同时间,对这一问题有过多种规定,如通过侨务机关或驻外使领馆转递,通过律师机构接触,通过外交途径办理,法院用不印法院名义的信封直接寄送,由境外一方的亲属或由境内一
方转送等。自“文化大革命”以来,除前列最后一种外,其余途径实际均被否定,而最后那种完全依靠私人的方式,又往往有影响境外一方的诉讼权利或妨碍诉讼顺利进行的弊病。此外,赵镜瑜诉请离婚一案,境外一方为原告,又与以前的多数案件不同。尽管赵在诉状中已对许多重要问题
表示了意见,但审理中或许还有须向其讯问或与之商洽的事项。至于赵的诉状及其以后文书的签署,如何认定确系其本人所为,我们考虑,在加拿大查证可能有较多困难,且亦不甚必要,是否到她原工作单位对照一下她走前所留的笔迹即可?对于没有这种条件的案件,还应考虑认证办法。

征询、查证、送达途径究应如何解决?我们对其他一些问题的看法是否妥当?还须注意什么别的问题?请指示。
1980年6月30日



1980年8月25日

违反外汇管理处罚施行细则(附英文)

国家外管局


违反外汇管理处罚施行细则(附英文)

(一九八五年三月二十五日国务院批准)

第一条 为贯彻执行《中华人民共和国外汇管理暂行条例》第三十一条、第三十三条的规定,特制定本细则。
第二条 下列行为,都属于套汇:
一、除经国家外汇管理局及其分局(以下简称管汇机关)批准或者国家另有规定者外,以人民币偿付应当以外汇支付的进口货款或者其他款项的;
二、境内机构以人民币为驻外机构、外国驻华机构、侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业、短期入境个人支付其在国内的各种费用,由对方付给外汇,没有卖给国家的;
三、驻外机构使用其在中国境内的人民币为他人支付各种费用,由对方付给外汇的;
四、外国驻华机构、侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业及其人员,以人民币为他人支付各种费用,而由他人以外汇或者其他相类似的形式偿还的;
五、未经管汇机关批准,派往外国或者港澳等地区的代表团、工作组及其人员,将出国经费或者从事各项业务活动所得购买物品或者移作他用,以人民币偿还的;
六、境内机构以出口收入或者其他收入的外汇抵偿进口物品费用或其他支出的。
第三条 对套汇者区别情况作如下处罚:
一、套入方所得外汇尚未使用的,责令其限期调回,强制收兑;套入方所得外汇已被使用,责令其补交等值的外汇,强制收兑,或者扣减相应的外汇额度;套入方所得外汇已被使用而无外汇归还的,补交所购物品的国内外差价;以上并可另按套汇金额处以10%至30%的罚款。
二、对套出外汇方,根据情节轻重,按套汇金额处以10%至30%的罚款。
第四条 下列行为,都属于逃汇:
一、未经管汇机关批准,境内机构将收入的外汇私自保存、使用、存放境外的;
违反《对侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资企业外汇管理施行细则》的规定,将收入的外汇存放境外的;
二、境内机构、侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业以低报出口货价、佣金等手段少报外汇收入,或者以高报进口货价、费用、佣金等手段多报外汇支出,将隐匿的外汇私自保存或者存放境外的;
三、驻外机构以及在境外设立的中外合资经营企业的中方投资者,不按国家规定将应当调回的利润留在当地营运或者移作他用的;
四、除经管汇机关批准,派往外国或者港澳等地区的代表团、工作组及其人员不按各该专项计划使用外汇,将出国经费或者从事各项业务活动所得外汇存放境外或者移作他用的。
第五条 对逃汇者区别情况作如下处罚:
一、逃汇所得外汇尚未使用的,责令违法者或者其主管部门限期调回,强制收兑,或者没收全部或者部分外汇,并可另按逃汇金额处以10%至50%的罚款;
二、逃汇所得外汇已被使用的,责令其补交等值的外汇,强制收兑或者予以没收,并可另按逃汇金额处以10%至50%的罚款;
三、逃汇所得动汇已被使用而无外汇归还的,按逃汇金额处以30%以上、等值以下的罚款,或者没收非法所得,或者罚、没并处。
第六条 下列行为,都属于扰乱金融:
一、未经国家外汇管理局批准经营外汇业务,或者超越批准经营范围扩大外汇业务的;
二、未经国务院或者国务院授权机关批准,境内机构在国内外发行具有外汇价值的有价证券,接受外国或者港澳等地区的银行、企业贷款的;
三、除经管汇机关批准,境内机构以外汇计价结算、借贷、转让、质押,或者以外币流通、使用的;
四、私自买卖外汇、变相买卖外汇,或者超过国家外汇管理局规定价格买卖外汇,以及倒买倒卖外汇的。
第七条 对犯有前条违法行为者区别情况作如下处罚:
一、对犯有第一项违法行为者,分别责令其停止经营外汇业务、停止超越批准经营范围的外汇业务,或者没收非法所得,或者处以非法经营额等值以下的罚款,或者罚、没并处;
二、对犯有第二项违法行为者,不准其发行新的债券或者接受新的贷款,并可按其债券或者贷款金额处以20%以下罚款;
三、对犯有第三、四项违法行为者,强制收兑违法外汇,没收非法所得,或者处以违法外汇等值以下的罚款,或者罚、没并处。
第八条 对第二、四、六条未作具体规定的其他违反外汇管理的违法行为,可以区别情况,参照本细则最相类似的条款处理。
第九条 违反外汇管理,情节轻微,或者主动向管汇机关坦白交待违法事实、真诚悔改、检举立功的,可以从宽处理直至免予处罚;抗拒检查、掩盖违法事实、屡教不改的,按照本细则第三、五、七条的规定从重处罚。
第十条 套汇、逃汇、扰乱金融,情节严重的案件,应当移送司法机关依法处理。
第十一条 管汇机关查处违反外汇管理案件,为了防止违法单位转移资金,可以通知银行冻结其违法款项,冻结时间不超过两个月,届期自动解冻。遇有特殊情况需要适当延长冻结时间的,管汇机关应当重新办理通知手续。对于拒不缴付罚没款项的违法单位,管汇机关可以从其开户银
行帐户中强制扣款。
第十二条 管汇机关处理违反外汇管理案件,应当制发处罚决定书,通知被查处的单位或者个人。当事人对管汇机关的处罚决定不服,可以在接到处罚决定书之日起的十五日内,向上一级管汇机关申请复议;当事人不服复议决定的,可以向当地人民法院起诉。
第十三条 违反外汇管理的案件,由管汇机关处理;通过货物、行李物品、邮递物品、运输工具进出国境,从而具有走私性质的套汇、逃汇案件,由海关处理;利用外汇、外币票证进行投机倒把的案件,由工商行政管理机关处理。
第十四条 经济特区违反外汇管理处罚办法,由广东省、福建省人民政府参照本细则另行制定。
第十五条 本细则由国家外汇管理局负责解释。
第十六条 本细则自发布之日起施行。(附英文)

IMPLEMENTING RULES ON PUNISHMENT OF VIOLATION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGECONTROL

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
IMPLEMENTING RULES ON PUNISHMENT OF VIOLATION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE
CONTROL
(Approved by the State Council on March 5, 1985, promulgated by
the State Administration of Foreign Exchange Control on April 5, 1985)
Article 1
These Rules are formulated for the implementation of Articles 31 and 33 of
the Interim Regulations for Foreign Exchange Control of the People's
Republic of China.
Article 2
The following acts shall be regarded as unlawful procurement of foreign
exchange:
1) paying in Renminbi for imports or other items that ought to be paid in
foreign exchange, unless otherwise approved by the State Administration of
Foreign Exchange Control or its branch offices
(hereinafter referred to as foreign exchange control agencies), or
stipulated by the State;
2) paying in Renminbi by organizations within territory to defray the
expenses in China for organizations stationed abroad, foreign
organizations stationed in China, enterprises with overseas Chinese
capital, foreign-capital enterprises, Chinese-foreign equity joint
ventures, and individuals coming to China for a short stay, in return for
reimbursement in foreign exchange which is not sold to the State;
3) paying in Renminbi by organizations stationed abroad to defray expenses
with their own Renminbi in China for others in return for reimbursement in
foreign exchange;
4) paying in Renminbi by foreign organizations stationed in China,
enterprises with overseas Chinese capital, foreign-capital enterprises,
Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures and the personnel thereof to defray
expenses for others in return for reimbursement in foreign exchange or in
other forms of a similar nature;
5) making repayments without approval of foreign exchange control agencies
in Renminbi by delegations, working groups or members thereof sent abroad
or to Hong Kong, Macao and other regions, who put to other uses or spend
on purchase of goods the foreign exchange allocated for the mission or
that earned from their various kinds of business operations;
6) offsetting export proceeds or other foreign exchange earnings against
import costs or other expenditures by organizations within territory.
Article 3
Unlawful procurement of foreign exchange shall be penalized according to
different circumstances in the following ways:
1) If the foreign exchange unlawfully procured remains unused, the party
procuring the foreign exchange from others shall be ordered to repatriate
the foreign exchange within a prescribed time limit for a compulsory sale
to the State. If it has been used up, the party concerned must repay it
either by a compulsory sale to the State of an equal amount of foreign
exchange or by a deduction of the amount from the foreign exchange quota
allotted to the said party. In case the said party has no foreign exchange
to repay, the difference between the domestic and international market
prices of the goods purchased with the unlawfully procured exchange shall
be paid. In addition, a fine equivalent to 10-30% of the amount of the
foreign exchange unlawfully procured may be imposed.
2) The party procuring foreign exchange for others shall be fined a sum
equivalent to 10-30% of the amount of the foreign exchange illegally
procured in light of the seriousness of the case.
Article 4
The following acts shall be regarded as evasion of foreign exchange
control:
1) retaining, spending or depositing foreign exchange earnings abroad by
organizations within territory without prior approval of the exchange
control agencies; depositing foreign exchange earnings abroad in violation
of the Regulations for Foreign Exchange Control Relating to Enterprises
with Overseas Chinese Capital, Foreign-capital Enterprises and
Chinese-foreign Equity Joint Ventures;
2) retaining or depositing abroad without authorization the foreign
exchange which is concealed by organizations within territory, enterprises
with overseas Chinese capital, foreign-capital enterprises and Chinese-
foreign equity joint ventures and which is acquired through such means as
reporting less foreign exchange receipts by understating the export prices
or commissions, or reporting more foreign exchange expenditures by
overstating the import prices, expenses and commissions.
3) retaining for business operations abroad or putting to other uses the
profits that ought to be repatriated according to State provisions, by
organizations stationed abroad or by Chinese joint venturers in Chinese-
foreign equity joint ventures established abroad;
4) failing to use the foreign exchange allocated for the mission or earned
from various kinds of business operations according to plans and
depositing it abroad or putting it to other uses, without otherwise
approval of the foreign exchange control agencies, by delegations or
working groups and the members thereof sent abroad or to Hong Kong, Macao
and other regions.
Article 5
Evasion of foreign exchange control shall be penalized according to
different circumstances in the following ways:
1) if the foreign exchange acquired through evasion still remains unused,
the evader or the involved competent department shall be ordered to
repatriate it within a prescribed time limit for compulsory sale to the
State; or the full amount of foreign exchange or part thereof shall be
confiscated. In addition, a fine equivalent to 10-50% of the amount of the
foreign exchange evaded may be imposed;
2) if the foreign exchange acquired through evasion has been used up, the
evader shall be ordered to repay an equal amount of foreign exchange which
shall be sold to the State or confiscated. In addition, a fine equivalent
to 10-50% of the amount of the foreign exchange evaded may be imposed;
3) if the evader has no foreign exchange to repay, a fine equivalent to no
less than 30% of but no more than the full amount of the foreign exchange
acquired through evasion shall be imposed, or the illegal gains therefrom
shall be confiscated, or the fine and confiscation shall be imposed
concurrently.
Article 6
The following acts shall be regarded as disrupting financial stability:
1) engaging in foreign exchange business without prior approval of the
State Administration of Foreign Exchange Control or on a scale beyond the
approved business scope;
2) issuing securities denominated in foreign currencies in China or
abroad, or accepting loans offered by banks or enterprises in foreign
countries or in Hong Kong, Macao and other regions by organizations within
territory without prior approval of the State Council or the departments
authorized by the State Council;
3) using foreign currency by organizations within territory, without
otherwise approval of the foreign exchange control agencies, as the
monetary unit in settling accounts, borrowing or lending, making transfers
or obtaining mortgages, or as a medium of exchange in business
transactions;
4) buying and selling foreign exchange without authorization or in any
disguised form, or at rates above those set by the State Administration of
Foreign Exchange Control, or profiteering in buying and selling foreign
exchange.
Article 7
The following penalties shall be imposed on the offenders involved in the
cases listed in the preceding Article according to different
circumstances:
1) For cases' referred to in paragraph (1), the offenders shall be ordered
to cease their foreign exchange business or operations that exceed the
approved scope, or their unlawful earnings shall be confiscated or a fine
up to but no more than the full amount of the illegal operating fund shall
be imposed, or the fine and confiscation shall be imposed concurrently.
2) For cases referred to in paragraph (2), the offenders shall be ordered
not to issue new securities or not to accept new loans, and may also be
fined a sum up to but no more than 20% of the securities issued or loans
accepted.
3) For cases referred to in paragraphs (3) and (4), the offenders shall be
ordered to sell their unlawfully transacted foreign exchange to the State
and their illegal gains shall be confiscated, or a fine up to but no more
than the full amount of the foreign exchange illegally transacted shall be
imposed, or the fine and confiscation shall be imposed concurrently.
Article 8
For other acts in violation of foreign exchange control not specifically
listed in Articles 2, 4 and 6, penalties may be meted out according to the
seriousness of the case with reference to the most relevant provisions
provided in these Rules.
Article 9
In cases of minor offences, the offenders who voluntarily confess to their
unlawful activities before the foreign exchange control agencies, show
sincere repentance and demonstrate meritorious conduct by informing
against other offenders shall be dealt with leniently or exempt from
punishment. Offenders who refuse to confess, try to cover up their
offences or refuse to mend their ways despite repeated admonition shall be
punished severely in accordance with Articles 3, 5 and 7 of these Rules.
Article 10
Serious cases of unlawful procurement of foreign exchange, evasion of
foreign exchange control or disrupting financial stability shall be
transferred to judicial organs for handling according to law.
Article 11
To prevent violators from transferring their unlawfully acquired funds
when violations of foreign exchange control are under investigation, the
foreign exchange control agencies may ask the banks to freeze the funds in
question for a period of no more than two months. Upon expiry, the funds
shall be unfrozen automatically. If an extension of the period is
necessary under special circumstances, the relevant foreign exchange
control agency shall renew the notification to the bank concerned. In case
a violator refuses to pay the fine or the sum to be confiscated, the
relevant foreign exchange control agency may enforce the penalty by
deducting the sum from the violator's bank account.
Article 12
In cases where the foreign exchange control agencies impose penalties,
notices of penalty decision shall be served to the units or individuals
being penalized. If the party concerned does not agree with the penalty
decision, it(he) may appeal to the foreign exchange control agency at the
next higher level for reconsideration within 15 days as of the date of
receipt of the notice. If the party concerned still does not agree with
the decision of reconsideration, it(he) may bring a suit in the local
people's court.
Article 13
Cases involving violation of foreign exchange control regulations shall be
handled by the foreign exchange control agencies; cases involving unlawful
procurement of foreign exchange and evasion of foreign exchange control
that are of the nature of smuggling by means of illegally getting the
goods into or out of the country as part of luggage and personal effects,
by post or other means of transport, shall be handled by the Customs; and
cases involving the use of foreign exchange or payment instruments in
foreign currency for speculation and profiteering shall be handled by the
administrative departments for industry and commerce.
Article 14
Measures for penalizing violations of foreign exchange control in the
special economic zones shall be separately formulated by the Governments
of Guangdong and Fujian Provinces by taking reference to these Rules.
Article 15
The State Administration of Foreign Exchange Control shall be responsible
for interpreting these Rules.
Article 16
These Rules shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.